LaTeX 备忘清单

本备忘单总结了 LaTeX 常用显示数学符号的参考列表和一些 KaTeX 的应用示例。

入门

介绍

LaTeX 基于 TEX 的排版系统,适用于生成高印刷质量的科技和数学、物理文档。

KaTeX 只处理 LaTeX 的数学符号的一个更小的子集,用于 web 上展示

示例


             
              
               
                
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                % \f is defined as #1f(#2) using the macro f\relax(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty f\hat\xi\,e^{2 \pi i \xi x} \,d\xi 
               
              
             

% \f is defined as #1f(#2) using the macro
f\relax(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty
    f\hat\xi\,e^{2 \pi i \xi x}
    \,d\xi

行内展示

基于 KaTeX 在一行
展示示例: `KaTeX:\int_0^\infty x^2 dx`

基于 KaTeX 在一行展示示例: 0 x 2 d x \int_0^\infty x^2 dx

Supported Functions

Accents

:- :- :-
a a' a' a ~ \tilde{a} \tilde{a} g ˚ \mathring{g} \mathring{g}
a a'' a'' a c ~ \widetilde{ac} \widetilde{ac} A B \overgroup{AB} \overgroup{AB}
a a^{\prime} a^{\prime} A B ~ \utilde{AB} \utilde{AB} A B \undergroup{AB} \undergroup{AB}
a ˊ \acute{a} \acute{a} F \vec{F} \vec{F} A B \Overrightarrow{AB} \Overrightarrow{AB}
y ˉ \bar{y} \bar{y} A B \overleftarrow{AB} \overleftarrow{AB} A B \overrightarrow{AB} \overrightarrow{AB}
a ˘ \breve{a} \breve{a} A B \underleftarrow{AB} \underleftarrow{AB} A B \underrightarrow{AB} \underrightarrow{AB}
a ˇ \check{a} \check{a} a c \overleftharpoon{ac} \overleftharpoon{ac} a c \overrightharpoon{ac} \overrightharpoon{ac}
a ˙ \dot{a} \dot{a} A B \overleftrightarrow{AB} \overleftrightarrow{AB} A B \overbrace{AB} \overbrace{AB}
a ¨ \ddot{a} \ddot{a} A B \underleftrightarrow{AB} \underleftrightarrow{AB} A B \underbrace{AB} \underbrace{AB}
a ˋ \grave{a} \grave{a} A B \overline{AB} \overline{AB} A B undefined \overlinesegment{AB} \overlinesegment{AB}
θ ^ \hat{\theta} \hat{\theta} A B \underline{AB} \underline{AB} A B undefined \underlinesegment{AB} \underlinesegment{AB}
a c ^ \widehat{ac} \widehat{ac} a c ˇ \widecheck{ac} \widecheck{ac} X \underbar{X} \underbar{X}

\text{…}中的强调功能

:- :- :-
a ˊ \'{a} \'{a} a ˜ \~{a} \~{a}
a ˙ \.{a} \.{a} a ˝ \H{a} \H{a}
a ˋ \\\`{a} \`{a} a ˉ \={a} \={a}
a ¨ \"{a} \"{a} a ˇ \v{a} \v{a}
a ˆ \^{a} \^{a} a ˘ \u{a} \u{a}
a ˚ \r{a} \r{a}

Delimiter Sizing

:- :-
( A B ) \left(\LARGE{AB}\right) \left(\LARGE{AB}\right)
( ( ( ( ( ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(

:- :- :- :- :-
\left \big \bigl \bigm \bigr
\middle \Big \Bigl \Bigm \Bigr
\right \bigg \biggl \biggm \biggr
\ \Bigg \Biggl \Biggm \Biggr

希腊和希伯来字母 Greek and Hebrew letters

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
α \alpha \alpha κ \kappa \kappa ψ \psi \psi ϝ \digamma \digamma Δ \Delta \Delta Θ \Theta \Theta
β \beta \beta λ \lambda \lambda ρ \rho \rho ε \varepsilon \varepsilon Γ \Gamma \Gamma Υ \Upsilon \Upsilon
χ \chi \chi μ \mu \mu σ \sigma \sigma ϰ \varkappa \varkappa Λ \Lambda \Lambda Ξ \Xi \Xi
δ \delta \delta ν \nu \nu τ \tau \tau φ \varphi \varphi Ω \Omega \Omega
ϵ \epsilon \epsilon o o o θ \theta \theta ϖ \varpi \varpi Φ \Phi \Phi \aleph \aleph
η \eta \eta ω \omega \omega υ \upsilon \upsilon ϱ \varrho \varrho Π \Pi \Pi \beth \beth
γ \gamma \gamma ϕ \phi \phi ξ \xi \xi ς \varsigma \varsigma Ψ \Psi \Psi \daleth \daleth
ι \iota \iota π \pi \pi ζ \zeta \zeta ϑ \vartheta \vartheta Σ \Sigma \Sigma \gimel \gimel

其它字母

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
ı \imath \imath \nabla \nabla \Im \Im R \Reals \Reals Œ \text{\OE} \text{\OE}
ȷ \jmath \jmath \partial \partial \image \image \wp \wp ø \text{\o} \text{\o}
\aleph \aleph \Game \Game k \Bbbk \Bbbk \weierp \weierp Ø \text{\O} \text{\O}
\alef \alef \Finv \Finv N \N \N Z \Z \Z ß \text{\ss} \text{\ss}
\alefsym \alefsym C \cnums \cnums N \natnums \natnums a ˚ \text{\aa} \text{\aa} ı \text{\i} \text{\i}
\beth \beth C \Complex \Complex R \R \R A ˚ \text{\AA} \text{\AA} ȷ \text{\j} \text{\j}
\gimel \gimel \ell \ell \Re \Re æ \text{\ae} \text{\ae}
\daleth \daleth \hbar \hbar \real \real Æ \text{\AE} \text{\AE}
ð \eth \eth \hslash \hslash R \reals \reals œ \text{\oe} \text{\oe}

字母和 Unicode

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
A \Alpha \Alpha B \Beta \Beta Γ \Gamma \Gamma Δ \Delta \Delta
E \Epsilon \Epsilon Z \Zeta \Zeta H \Eta \Eta Θ \Theta \Theta
I \Iota \Iota K \Kappa \Kappa Λ \Lambda \Lambda M \Mu \Mu
N \Nu \Nu Ξ \Xi \Xi O \Omicron \Omicron Π \Pi \Pi
P \Rho \Rho Σ \Sigma \Sigma T \Tau \Tau Υ \Upsilon \Upsilon
Φ \Phi \Phi X \Chi \Chi Ψ \Psi \Psi Ω \Omega \Omega
Γ \varGamma \varGamma Δ \varDelta \varDelta Θ \varTheta \varTheta Λ \varLambda \varLambda
Ξ \varXi \varXi Π \varPi \varPi Σ \varSigma \varSigma Υ \varUpsilon \varUpsilon
Φ \varPhi \varPhi Ψ \varPsi \varPsi Ω \varOmega \varOmega
α \alpha \alpha β \beta \beta γ \gamma \gamma δ \delta \delta
ϵ \epsilon \epsilon ζ \zeta \zeta η \eta \eta θ \theta \theta
ι \iota \iota κ \kappa \kappa λ \lambda \lambda μ \mu \mu
ν \nu \nu ξ \xi \xi ο \omicron \omicron π \pi \pi
ρ \rho \rho σ \sigma \sigma τ \tau \tau υ \upsilon \upsilon
ϕ \phi \phi χ \chi \chi ψ \psi \psi ω \omega \omega
ε \varepsilon \varepsilon ϰ \varkappa \varkappa ϑ \vartheta \vartheta ϑ \thetasym \thetasym
ϖ \varpi \varpi ϱ \varrho \varrho ς \varsigma \varsigma φ \varphi \varphi
ϝ \digamma \digamma

注解

:- :- :- :- :-
5 \cancel{5} \cancel{5} a + b + c note \overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}} \overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}
5 \bcancel{5} \bcancel{5} a + b + c note \underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}} \underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}
A B C \xcancel{ABC} \xcancel{ABC} \not = \not =
a b c \sout{abc} \sout{abc} π = c d \boxed{\pi=\frac c d} \boxed{\pi=\frac c d}
$ a n \$a_{\angl n} MD语法冲突 $a_{\angl n} a n a_\angln a_\angln
7 8 \phase{-78^\circ} \phase{-78^\circ}

\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}


             
              
               
                
                 
                 
                  
                   
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                \tag{hi} x+y^{2x} 
               
              
             

\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}


             
              
               
                
                 
                 
                  
                   
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                \tag*{hi} x+y^{2x} 
               
              
             

垂直布局

:- :- :- :- :- :-
x n x_n x_n = ! \stackrel{!}{=} \stackrel{!}{=} a b a \atop b a \atop b
e x e^x e^x = ! \overset{!}{=} \overset{!}{=} a b c a\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}c a\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}c
u o _u^o _u^o = ! \underset{!}{=} \underset{!}{=} a + ( a b c ) a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right) a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right)
0 < i < m 0 < j < n \sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}} \sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}}

重叠和间距

:- :- :- :-
= / {=}\mathllap{/\,} {=}\mathllap{/,} ( x 2 ) \left(x^{\smash{2}}\right) \left(x^{\smash{2}}\right)
/ = \mathrlap{\,/}{=} \mathrlap{,/}{=} y \sqrt{\smash[b]{y}} \sqrt{\smash[b]{y}}

\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}


             
              
               
                
                 
                 
                  
                   
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                \sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij} 
               
              
             

LaTeX \LaTeX math constructs

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
a b c x y z \frac{abc}{xyz} \frac{abc}{xyz} a b c \overline{abc} \overline{abc} a b c \overrightarrow{abc} \overrightarrow{abc}
f f' f' a b c \underline{abc} \underline{abc} a b c \overleftarrow{abc} \overleftarrow{abc}
a b c \sqrt{abc} \sqrt{abc} a b c ^ \widehat{abc} \widehat{abc} a b c \overbrace{abc} \overbrace{abc}
a b c n \sqrt[n]{abc} \sqrt[n]{abc} a b c ~ \widetilde{abc} \widetilde{abc} a b c \underbrace{abc} \underbrace{abc}

分隔符 Delimiters

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
( ) () () ( ) \lparen \rparen \lparen \rparen ⌈ ⌉ ⌈ ⌉ \lceil \rceil \lceil \rceil \uparrow \uparrow
[ ] [] [] [ ] \lbrack \rbrack \lbrack \rbrack ⌊ ⌋ ⌊ ⌋ \lfloor \rfloor \lfloor \rfloor \downarrow \downarrow
{ } \{ \} {} { } \lbrace \rbrace \lbrace \rbrace ⎰⎱ ⎰⎱ \lmoustache \rmoustache \lmoustache \rmoustache \updownarrow \updownarrow
⟨ ⟩ ⟨⟩ \langle \rangle \langle \rangle ⟮ ⟯ ⟮ ⟯ \lgroup \rgroup \lgroup \rgroup \Uparrow \Uparrow
| \vert \vert ┌ ┐ ┌ ┐ \ulcorner \urcorner \ulcorner \urcorner \Downarrow \Downarrow
| ( MD语法冲突 ) \| \Vert \Vert └ ┘ └ ┘ \llcorner \lrcorner \llcorner \lrcorner \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
∣ ∣ \lvert \rvert \lVert \rVert \lVert \rVert \left. \right. \ \backslash \backslash
\lang \rang \lang \rang < > \lt \gt \lt \gt ⟦ ⟧ ⟦ ⟧ \llbracket \rrbracket \llbracket \rrbracket \lBrace \rBrace \lBrace \rBrace

可以使用一对表达式 \left s 1 s_1 \right s 2 s_2 来将分隔符 s 1 s_1 s 2 s_2 的高度与其内容的高度进行匹配,例如:

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
\left| e x p r expr \right| \left\{ e x p r expr \right\} \left\Vert e x p r expr \right.

可变大小的符号

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
\sum \sum \int \int \biguplus \biguplus \bigoplus \bigoplus \bigvee \bigvee
\prod \prod \oint \oint \bigcap \bigcap \bigotimes \bigotimes \bigwedge \bigwedge
\coprod \coprod \iint \iint \bigcup \bigcup \bigodot \bigodot \bigodot \bigodot

标准函数名称

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
arccos \arccos \arccos arcsin \arcsin \arcsin arcsin \arcsin \arcsin arg \arg \arg
cos \cos \cos cosh \cosh \cosh cot \cot \cot coth \coth \coth
csc \csc \csc deg \deg \deg det \det \det dim \dim \dim
exp \exp \exp gcd \gcd \gcd hom \hom \hom inf \inf \inf
ker \ker \ker lg \lg \lg lim \lim \lim lim inf \liminf \liminf
lim sup \limsup \limsup ln \ln \ln log \log \log max \max \max
min \min \min Pr \Pr \Pr sec \sec \sec sin \sin \sin
sinh \sinh \sinh sup \sup \sup tan \tan \tan tanh \tanh \tanh

函数名应该用罗马字体,而不是斜体,例如:

:- :- :- :-
Correct: \tan(at-n\pi) \rightarrow tan ( a t n π ) \tan(at-n\pi)
Incorrect: tan(at-n\pi) \rightarrow t a n ( a t n π ) tan(at-n\pi)

逻辑与集合论

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
\forall \forall \complement \complement \therefore \therefore \emptyset \emptyset
\exists \exists \subset \subset \because \because \empty \empty
\exist \exist \supset \supset \mapsto \mapsto \varnothing \varnothing
\nexists \nexists \mid \mid \to \to       \implies \implies
\in \in \land \land \gets \gets       \impliedby \impliedby
\isin \isin \lor \lor \leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow       \iff \iff
\notin \notin \ni \ni \notni \notni ¬ \neg ¬ \lnot \neg \lnot

:- :- :- :-
{ x    |    x < 1 2 } \Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 } \Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 } { x x < 5 } \set{x|x<5} \set{x|x<5}

宏指令

:- :- :- :-
x 2 + x 2 \def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo \def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo y 2 + y 2 \gdef\bar#1{#1^2} \bar{y} + \bar{y} \gdef\bar#1{#1^2} \bar{y} + \bar{y}

特殊符号

:- :- :- :- :- :-
ϕ \bra{\phi} \bra{\phi} ψ \ket{\psi} \ket{\psi} ϕ ψ \braket{\phi|\psi} \braket{\phi|\psi}
ϕ \Bra{\phi} \Bra{\phi} ψ \Ket{\psi} \Ket{\psi} ϕ | 2 t 2 | ψ \Braket{ ϕ | \frac{∂^2}{∂ t^2} | ψ } \Braket{ ϕ | \frac{∂^2}{∂ t^2} | ψ }

运算符

数学运算符

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
arcsin \arcsin \arcsin cosec \cosec \cosec deg \deg \deg sec \sec \sec
arccos \arccos \arccos cosh \cosh \cosh dim \dim \dim sin \sin \sin
arctan \arctan \arctan cot \cot \cot exp \exp \exp sinh \sinh \sinh
arctg \arctg \arctg cotg \cotg \cotg hom \hom \hom sh \sh \sh
arcctg \arcctg \arcctg coth \coth \coth ker \ker \ker tan \tan \tan
arg \arg \arg csc \csc \csc lg \lg \lg tanh \tanh \tanh
ch \ch \ch ctg \ctg \ctg ln \ln \ln tg \tg \tg
cos \cos \cos cth \cth \cth log \log \log th \th \th
f \operatorname{f} \operatorname{f}
arg max \argmax \argmax inj lim \injlim \injlim min \min \min l i m \varinjlim \varinjlim
arg min \argmin \argmin lim \lim \lim plim \plim \plim l i m \varliminf \varliminf
det \det \det lim inf \liminf \liminf Pr \Pr \Pr l i m \varlimsup \varlimsup
gcd \gcd \gcd lim sup \limsup \limsup proj lim \projlim \projlim l i m \varprojlim \varprojlim
inf \inf \inf max \max \max sup \sup \sup f \operatorname*{f} \operatorname*{f}
f \operatornamewithlimits{f} \operatornamewithlimits{f}

大运算符

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
\sum \sum \prod \prod \bigotimes \bigotimes \bigvee \bigvee
\int \int \coprod \coprod \bigoplus \bigoplus \bigwedge \bigwedge
\iint \iint \intop \intop \bigodot \bigodot \bigcap \bigcap
\iiint \iiint \smallint \smallint \biguplus \biguplus \bigcup \bigcup
\oint \oint \oiint \oiint \oiiint \oiiint \bigsqcup \bigsqcup

分数和二项式

:- :- :- :-
a b \frac{a}{b} \frac{a}{b} a b \tfrac{a}{b} \tfrac{a}{b}
a b {a \over b} {a \over b} a b \dfrac{a}{b} \dfrac{a}{b}
( a a + 1 ] \genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1} \genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1} a b + 1 {a \above{2pt} b+1} {a \above{2pt} b+1}
a / b a/b a/b a 1 + 1 b \cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}} \cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}}
:- :- :- :-
( n k ) \binom{n}{k} \binom{n}{k} ( n k ) \dbinom{n}{k} \dbinom{n}{k}
{ n k } {n\brace k} {n\brace k} ( n k ) {n \choose k} {n \choose k}
( n k ) \tbinom{n}{k} \tbinom{n}{k} [ n k ] {n\brack k} {n\brack k}

\sqrt

:- :- :- :-
x \sqrt{x} \sqrt{x} x 3 \sqrt[3]{x} \sqrt[3]{x}

二元运算符

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
+ + + \cdot \cdot \gtrdot \gtrdot x ( m o d a ) x \pmod a x \pmod a
- - \cdotp \cdotp \intercal \intercal x ( a ) x \pod a x \pod a
/ / / \centerdot \centerdot \land \land \rhd \rhd
* * \circ \circ \leftthreetimes \leftthreetimes \rightthreetimes \rightthreetimes
⨿ \amalg \amalg \circledast \circledast . \ldotp \ldotp \rtimes \rtimes
& \And \And \circledcirc \circledcirc \lor \lor \setminus \setminus
\ast \ast \circleddash \circleddash \lessdot \lessdot \smallsetminus \smallsetminus
\barwedge \barwedge \Cup \Cup \lhd \lhd \sqcap \sqcap
\bigcirc \bigcirc \cup \cup \ltimes \ltimes \sqcup \sqcup
m o d \bmod \bmod \curlyvee \curlyvee x m o d a x\mod a x\mod a × \times \times
\boxdot \boxdot \curlywedge \curlywedge \mp \mp \unlhd \unlhd
\boxminus \boxminus ÷ \div \div \odot \odot \unrhd \unrhd
\boxplus \boxplus \divideontimes \divideontimes \ominus \ominus \uplus \uplus
\boxtimes \boxtimes \dotplus \dotplus \oplus \oplus \vee \vee
\bullet \bullet \doublebarwedge \doublebarwedge \otimes \otimes \veebar \veebar
\Cap \Cap \doublecap \doublecap \oslash \oslash \wedge \wedge
\cap \cap \doublecup \doublecup ± \pm \pm ± \plusmn \plusmn
\wr \wr `

关系

关系

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
= = = \doteqdot \doteqdot \lessapprox \lessapprox \smile \smile
< < < \eqcirc \eqcirc \lesseqgtr \lesseqgtr \sqsubset \sqsubset
> > > \eqcolon \eqcolon \minuscolon \lesseqqgtr \lesseqqgtr \sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq
: : : \Eqcolon \Eqcolon \minuscoloncolon \lessgtr \lessgtr \sqsupset \sqsupset
\approx \approx \eqqcolon \eqqcolon \equalscolon \lesssim \lesssim \sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq
: \approxcolon \approxcolon = \Eqqcolon \Eqqcolon \equalscoloncolon \ll \ll \Subset \Subset
\approxcoloncolon \approxcoloncolon \eqsim \eqsim \lll \lll \subset \subset \sub
\approxeq \approxeq \eqslantgtr \eqslantgtr \llless \llless \subseteq \subseteq \sube
\asymp \asymp \eqslantless \eqslantless < \lt \lt \subseteqq \subseteqq
\backepsilon \backepsilon \equiv \equiv \mid \mid \succ \succ
\backsim \backsim \fallingdotseq \fallingdotseq \models \models \succapprox \succapprox
\backsimeq \backsimeq \frown \frown \multimap \multimap \succcurlyeq \succcurlyeq
\between \between \ge \ge \origof \origof \succeq \succeq
\bowtie \bowtie \geq \geq \owns \owns \succsim \succsim
\bumpeq \bumpeq \geqq \geqq \parallel \parallel \Supset \Supset
\Bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqslant \geqslant \perp \perp \supset \supset
\circeq \circeq \gg \gg \pitchfork \pitchfork \supseteq \supseteq \supe
: \colonapprox \colonapprox \ggg \ggg \prec \prec \supseteqq \supseteqq
\Colonapprox \Colonapprox \coloncolonapprox \gggtr \gggtr \precapprox \precapprox \thickapprox \thickapprox
: \coloneq \coloneq \colonminus > \gt \gt \preccurlyeq \preccurlyeq \thicksim \thicksim
\Coloneq \Coloneq \coloncolonminus \gtrapprox \gtrapprox \preceq \preceq \trianglelefteq \trianglelefteq
\coloneqq \coloneqq \colonequals \gtreqless \gtreqless \precsim \precsim \triangleq \triangleq
= \Coloneqq \Coloneqq \coloncolonequals \gtreqqless \gtreqqless \propto \propto \trianglerighteq \trianglerighteq
: \colonsim \colonsim \gtrless \gtrless \risingdotseq \risingdotseq \varpropto \varpropto
\Colonsim \Colonsim \coloncolonsim \gtrsim \gtrsim \shortmid \shortmid \vartriangle \vartriangle
\cong \cong \imageof \imageof \shortparallel \shortparallel \vartriangleleft \vartriangleleft
\curlyeqprec \curlyeqprec \in \in \isin \sim \sim \vartriangleright \vartriangleright
\curlyeqsucc \curlyeqsucc \Join \Join : \simcolon \simcolon : \vcentcolon \vcentcolon \ratio
\dashv \dashv \le \le \simcoloncolon \simcoloncolon \vdash \vdash
\dblcolon \dblcolon \coloncolon \leq \leq \simeq \simeq \vDash \vDash
\doteq \doteq \leqq \leqq \smallfrown \smallfrown \Vdash \Vdash
\Doteq \Doteq \leqslant \leqslant \smallsmile \smallsmile \Vvdash \Vvdash

否定关系

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
\gnapprox \gnapprox \ngeqslant \ngeqslant \nsubseteq \nsubseteq \precneqq \precneqq
\gneq \gneq \ngtr \ngtr \nsubseteqq \nsubseteqq \precnsim \precnsim
\gneqq \gneqq \nleq \nleq \nsucc \nsucc \subsetneq \subsetneq
\gnsim \gnsim \nleqq \nleqq \nsucceq \nsucceq \subsetneqq \subsetneqq
\gvertneqq \gvertneqq \nleqslant \nleqslant \nsupseteq \nsupseteq \succnapprox \succnapprox
\lnapprox \lnapprox \nless \nless \nsupseteqq \nsupseteqq \succneqq \succneqq
\lneq \lneq \nmid \nmid \ntriangleleft \ntriangleleft \succnsim \succnsim
\lneqq \lneqq \notin \notin \ntrianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq \supsetneq \supsetneq
\lnsim \lnsim \notni \notni \ntriangleright \ntriangleright \supsetneqq \supsetneqq
\lvertneqq \lvertneqq \nparallel \nparallel \ntrianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq \varsubsetneq \varsubsetneq
\ncong \ncong \nprec \nprec \nvdash \nvdash \varsubsetneqq \varsubsetneqq
\ne \ne \npreceq \npreceq \nvDash \nvDash \varsupsetneq \varsupsetneq
\neq \neq \nshortmid \nshortmid \nVDash \nVDash \varsupsetneqq \varsupsetneqq
\ngeq \ngeq \nshortparallel \nshortparallel \nVdash \nVdash
\ngeqq \ngeqq \nsim \nsim \precnapprox \precnapprox

\not = \not =

箭头

:- :- :- :- :- :-
\circlearrowleft \circlearrowleft \leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup \rArr \rArr
\circlearrowright \circlearrowright \leftleftarrows \leftleftarrows \rarr \rarr
\curvearrowleft \curvearrowleft \leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow \restriction \restriction
\curvearrowright \curvearrowright \Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow \rightarrow \rightarrow
\Darr \Darr \leftrightarrows \leftrightarrows \Rightarrow \Rightarrow
\dArr \dArr \leftrightharpoons \leftrightharpoons \rightarrowtail \rightarrowtail
\darr \darr \leftrightsquigarrow \leftrightsquigarrow \rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown
\dashleftarrow \dashleftarrow \Lleftarrow \Lleftarrow \rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup
\dashrightarrow \dashrightarrow \longleftarrow \longleftarrow \rightleftarrows \rightleftarrows
\downarrow \downarrow \Longleftarrow \Longleftarrow \rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons
\Downarrow \Downarrow \longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \rightrightarrows \rightrightarrows
\downdownarrows \downdownarrows \Longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \rightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow
\downharpoonleft \downharpoonleft \longmapsto \longmapsto \Rrightarrow \Rrightarrow
\downharpoonright \downharpoonright \longrightarrow \longrightarrow \Rsh \Rsh
\gets \gets \Longrightarrow \Longrightarrow \searrow \searrow
\Harr \Harr \looparrowleft \looparrowleft \swarrow \swarrow
\hArr \hArr \looparrowright \looparrowright \to \to
\harr \harr \Lrarr \Lrarr \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadleftarrow
\hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow \lrArr \lrArr \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadrightarrow
\hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow \lrarr \lrarr \Uarr \Uarr
      \iff \iff \Lsh \Lsh \uArr \uArr
      \impliedby \impliedby \mapsto \mapsto \uarr \uarr
      \implies \implies \nearrow \nearrow \uparrow \uparrow
\Larr \Larr \nleftarrow \nleftarrow \Uparrow \Uparrow
\lArr \lArr \nLeftarrow \nLeftarrow \updownarrow \updownarrow
\larr \larr \nleftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
\leadsto \leadsto \nLeftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \upharpoonleft \upharpoonleft
\leftarrow \leftarrow \nrightarrow \nrightarrow \upharpoonright \upharpoonright
\Leftarrow \Leftarrow \nRightarrow \nRightarrow \upuparrows \upuparrows
\leftarrowtail \leftarrowtail \nwarrow \nwarrow
\leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown \Rarr \Rarr

可扩展箭头

:- :- :- :- :- :-
a b c \xleftarrow{abc} \xleftarrow{abc} u n d e r o v e r \xrightarrow[under]{over} \xrightarrow[under]{over}
a b c \xLeftarrow{abc} \xLeftarrow{abc} a b c \xRightarrow{abc} \xRightarrow{abc}
a b c \xleftrightarrow{abc} \xleftrightarrow{abc} a b c \xLeftrightarrow{abc} \xLeftrightarrow{abc}
a b c \xhookleftarrow{abc} \xhookleftarrow{abc} a b c \xhookrightarrow{abc} \xhookrightarrow{abc}
a b c \xtwoheadleftarrow{abc} \xtwoheadleftarrow{abc} a b c \xtwoheadrightarrow{abc} \xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}
a b c \xleftharpoonup{abc} \xleftharpoonup{abc} a b c \xrightharpoonup{abc} \xrightharpoonup{abc}
a b c \xleftharpoondown{abc} \xleftharpoondown{abc} a b c \xrightharpoondown{abc} \xrightharpoondown{abc}
a b c \xleftrightharpoons{abc} \xleftrightharpoons{abc} a b c \xrightleftharpoons{abc} \xrightleftharpoons{abc}
a b c \xtofrom{abc} \xtofrom{abc} a b c \xmapsto{abc} \xmapsto{abc}
= a b c \xlongequal{abc} \xlongequal{abc}

符号和标点符号

符号和标点符号

:- :- :- :- :- :-
% comment % comment \dots \dots KaTeX \KaTeX \KaTeX
% \% \% \cdots \cdots LaTeX \LaTeX \LaTeX
# \# \# \ddots \ddots TeX \TeX \TeX
& \& \& \ldots \ldots \nabla \nabla
_ \_ \_ \vdots \vdots \infty \infty
_ \text{\textunderscore} \text{\textunderscore} \dotsb \dotsb \infin \infin
\text{--} \text{--} \dotsc \dotsc \checkmark \checkmark
\text{\textendash} \text{\textendash}  ⁣ \dotsi \dotsi \dag \dag
\text{---} \text{---} \dotsm \dotsm \dagger \dagger
\text{\textemdash} \text{\textemdash} \dotso \dotso \text{\textdagger} \text{\textdagger}
~ \text{\textasciitilde} \text{\textasciitilde} \sdot \sdot \ddag \ddag
^ \text{\textasciicircum} \text{\textasciicircum} \mathellipsis \mathellipsis \ddagger \ddagger
` ` \text{\textellipsis} \text{\textellipsis} \text{\textdaggerdbl} \text{\textdaggerdbl}
\text{\textquoteleft} text{\textquoteleft} \Box \Box \Dagger \Dagger
\lq \lq \square \square \angle \angle
\text{\textquoteright} \text{\textquoteright} \blacksquare \blacksquare \measuredangle \measuredangle
\rq \rq \triangle \triangle \sphericalangle \sphericalangle
\text{\textquotedblleft} \text{\textquotedblleft} \triangledown \triangledown \top \top
" " " \triangleleft \triangleleft \bot \bot
\text{\textquotedblright} \text{\textquotedblright} \triangleright \triangleright $ \$ \$
 ⁣ : \colon \colon \bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown $ \text{\textdollar} \text{\textdollar}
\backprime \backprime \bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup £ \pounds \pounds
\prime \prime \blacktriangle \blacktriangle £ \mathsterling \mathsterling
< \text{\textless} \text{\textless} \blacktriangledown \blacktriangledown £ \text{\textsterling} \text{\textsterling}
> \text{\textgreater} \text{\textgreater} \blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleleft ¥ \yen \yen
| \text{\textbar} \text{\textbar} \blacktriangleright \blacktriangleright \surd \surd
\text{\textbardbl} \text{\textbardbl} \diamond \diamond ° \degree \degree
{ \text{\textbraceleft} \text{\textbraceleft} \Diamond \Diamond ° \text{\textdegree} \text{\textdegree}
} \text{\textbraceright} \text{\textbraceright} \lozenge \lozenge \mho \mho
\ \text{\textbackslash} \text{\textbackslash} \blacklozenge \blacklozenge \diagdown \diagdown
\text{\P} \text{\P} \P \star \star \diagup \diagup
§ \text{\S} \text{\S} \S \bigstar \bigstar \flat \flat
§ \text{\sect} \text{\sect} \clubsuit \clubsuit \natural \natural
© \copyright \copyright \clubs \clubs \sharp \sharp
® \circledR \circledR \diamondsuit \diamondsuit \heartsuit \heartsuit
® \text{\textregistered} \text{\textregistered} \diamonds \diamonds \hearts \hearts
\circledS \circledS \spadesuit \spadesuit \spades \spades
a \text{\textcircled a} \text{\textcircled a} \maltese \maltese \minuso \minuso

Environments

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\begin{matrix}
   a & b \\
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\end{matrix}

Environments 2


             
              
               
                
                 
                  
                   
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\begin{array}{cc}
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\end{array}

Environments 3


             
              
               
                
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Environments 4


             
              
               
                
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                \begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{bmatrix} 
               
              
             
\begin{bmatrix}
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\end{bmatrix}

Environments 5


             
              
               
                
                
                 
                  
                   
                    
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\begin{vmatrix}
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Environments 6


             
              
               
                
                
                 
                  
                   
                    
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\begin{Vmatrix}
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Environments 7


             
              
               
                
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                \begin{Bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{Bmatrix} 
               
              
             
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\def\arraystretch{1.5}
   \begin{array}{c:c:c}
   a & b & c \\ \hline
   d & e & f \\
   \hdashline
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\end{array}

Environments 9


             
              
               
                
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\begin{gather}
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\begin{CD}
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@VbVV @AAcA \\
   C @= D
\end{CD}

样式、颜色、大小和字体

Color 颜色

:- :-
F = m a \color{blue} F=ma \color{blue} F=ma
F = m a \textcolor{blue}{F=ma} \textcolor{blue}{F=ma}
F = m a \textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma} \textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}
F = m a \colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$} \colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$}
F = m a \fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$} \fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$}

Font 字体

:- :- :- :- :- :-
A B \Huge AB \Huge AB A B \normalsize AB \normalsize AB A B \normalsize AB \normalsize AB
A B \huge AB \huge AB A B \huge AB \huge AB A B \small AB \small AB
A B \LARGE AB \LARGE AB A B \LARGE AB \LARGE AB A B \footnotesize AB \footnotesize AB
A B \Large AB \Large AB A B \Large AB \Large AB A B \scriptsize AB \scriptsize AB
A B \large AB \large AB A B \large AB \large AB A B \tiny AB \tiny AB

Style 样式

:- :- :- :-
i = 1 n \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n i = 1 n \textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n \textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n
x \scriptstyle x \scriptstyle x x \scriptscriptstyle x \scriptscriptstyle x
lim x \lim\limits_x \lim\limits_x lim x \lim\nolimits_x \lim\nolimits_x
x^2 \verb!x^2! \verb!x^2!

另见